Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor DEVELOPING AND APPLYING PROCESS-BASED MODELS FOR ESTIMATING GREENHOUSE GAS AND AIR EMISSIONS FROM CALIFORNIA DAIRIES
نویسندگان
چکیده
.............................................................................................................................................. ix Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Technical Summary ............................................................................................................. 3 1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1. Projected Outcomes .................................................................................................. 3 1.1.2. Conclusions and Recommendations ...................................................................... 4 1.1.3. Benefits to California ................................................................................................ 4 2.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Background and Overview ........................................................................................... 5 2.1.1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions From California Dairies ........................................... 5 2.1.2. Need for Process‐Based Biogeochemical Models ................................................. 6 2.1.3. Background on DNDC Model and Capabilities ................................................... 7 2.2. Project Objectives ........................................................................................................... 8 2.3. Report Organization ...................................................................................................... 9 3.0 Approach .............................................................................................................................. 11 3.1. Developing Manure‐DNDC Model ............................................................................. 11 3.1.1. Construction of a Virtual Farm ............................................................................... 11 3.1.2. Integration of Farm Components Based on Biogeochemical Concepts ............ 16 3.1.3. C and N Biogeochemistry of Manure Life Cycle .................................................. 18 3.1.4. Enteric Gas Emissions .............................................................................................. 19 3.2. Greenhouse Gas Measurements ................................................................................... 20 3.2.1. Environmental Chamber Study .............................................................................. 20 3.2.2. Cattle Pen Enclosure Study ..................................................................................... 23 3.2.3. Analysis of Rumensin on Enteric Fermentation ................................................... 27 3.3. FTIR Measurements of N2O Emissions ...................................................................... 27 3.3.1. FTIR Suitability for N2O Measurements ................................................................ 27 3.3.2. Sampling Schedule .................................................................................................... 28 3.4. GIS Database Development .......................................................................................... 29 3.4.1. Cropland and Dairy Extent Database .................................................................... 29 3.4.2. Climate Data .............................................................................................................. 30 3.4.3. County Dairy Cow Statistics ................................................................................... 31 3.4.4. Dairy Soils .................................................................................................................. 32
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